GLAPI/glBlendFuncSeparate

glBlendFuncSeparate

Core in version		4.6
Core since version		1.4

glBlendFuncSeparate: specify pixel arithmetic for RGB and alpha components separately

Function Definition

 void glBlendFuncSeparate(GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha);
 void glBlendFuncSeparatei(GLuint buf, GLenum srcRGB, GLenum dstRGB, GLenum srcAlpha, GLenum dstAlpha);

buf

For glBlendFuncSeparatei, specifies the index of the draw buffer for which to set the blend functions.

srcRGB

Specifies how the red, green, and blue blending factors are computed. The initial value is GL_ONE.

dstRGB

Specifies how the red, green, and blue destination blending factors are computed. The initial value is GL_ZERO.

srcAlpha

Specified how the alpha source blending factor is computed. The initial value is GL_ONE.

dstAlpha

Specified how the alpha destination blending factor is computed. The initial value is GL_ZERO.

Description

Pixels can be drawn using a function that blends the incoming (source) RGBA values with the RGBA values that are already in the frame buffer (the destination values). Blending is initially disabled. Use glEnable and glDisable with argument GL_BLEND to enable and disable blending.

glBlendFuncSeparate defines the operation of blending for all draw buffers when it is enabled. glBlendFuncSeparatei defines the operation of blending for a single draw buffer specified by buf when enabled for that draw buffer. srcRGB specifies which method is used to scale the source RGB-color components. dstRGB specifies which method is used to scale the destination RGB-color components. Likewise, srcAlpha specifies which method is used to scale the source alpha color component, and dstAlpha specifies which method is used to scale the destination alpha component. The possible methods are described in the following table. Each method defines four scale factors, one each for red, green, blue, and alpha.

In the table and in subsequent equations, first source, second source and destination color components are referred to as $ (R_{s0},G_{s0},B_{s0},A_{s0}) $, $ (R_{s1},G_{s1},B_{s1},A_{s1}) $ and $ (R_{d},G_{d},B_{d},A_{d}) $, respectively. The color specified by glBlendColor is referred to as $ (R_{c},G_{c},B_{c},A_{c}) $. They are understood to have integer values between 0 and $ (k_{R},k_{G},k_{B},k_{A}) $, where

$ k_{c}=2^{m_{c}}-1 $

and $ (m_{R},m_{G},m_{B},m_{A}) $ are the number of red, green, blue, and alpha bitplanes.

Source and destination scale factors are referred to as $ (s_{R},s_{G},s_{B},s_{A}) $ and $ (d_{R},d_{G},d_{B},d_{A}) $. All scale factors have range [0, 1].

Parameter	RGB Factor	Alpha Factor
GL_ZERO	$ (0,0,0) $	$ 0 $
GL_ONE	$ (1,1,1) $	$ 1 $
GL_SRC_COLOR	$ \left({\tfrac {R_{s0}}{k_{R}}},{\tfrac {G_{s0}}{k_{G}}},{\tfrac {B_{s0}}{k_{B}}}\right) $	$ {\tfrac {A_{s0}}{k_{A}}} $
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{R_{s0}}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_{s0}}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_{s0}}{k_B} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}
GL_DST_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{R_d}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_d}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_d}{k_B} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \tfrac{A_d}{k_A}
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{R_d}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_d}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_d}{k_B} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_d}{k_A}
GL_SRC_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_{s0}}{k_A}
GL_DST_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{A_d}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_d}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_d}{k_A} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \tfrac{A_d}{k_A}
GL_ONE_MINUS_DST_ALPHA	$ (1,1,1)-\left({\tfrac {A_{d}}{k_{A}}},{\tfrac {A_{d}}{k_{A}}},{\tfrac {A_{d}}{k_{A}}}\right) $	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_d}{k_A}
GL_CONSTANT_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{R_c}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_c}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_c}{k_B} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \tfrac{A_c}{k_A}
GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{R_d}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_d}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_d}{k_B} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_d}{k_A}
GL_CONSTANT_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{A_c}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_c}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_c}{k_A} \right )	$ {\tfrac {A_{c}}{k_{A}}} $
GL_ONE_MINUS_CONSTANT_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{A_c}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_c}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_c}{k_A} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_c}{k_A}
GL_SRC_ALPHA_SATURATE	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (i, i, i)	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1
GL_SRC1_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{R_{s1}}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_{s1}}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_{s1}}{k_B} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_COLOR	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{R_{s1}}{k_R}, \tfrac{G_{s1}}{k_G}, \tfrac{B_{s1}}{k_B} \right )	$ 1-{\tfrac {A_{s1}}{k_{A}}} $
GL_SRC1_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \left (\tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}
GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): (1, 1, 1) - \left (\tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}, \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A} \right )	Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): 1 - \tfrac{A_{s1}}{k_A}

In the table,

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): i = \frac{min(A_s, (k_A - A_d))}{k_A}

To determine the blended RGBA values of a pixel, the system uses the following equations:

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \begin{align} R_d = min(k_R, R_s*s_R + R_d*d_R)\\ G_d = min(k_G, G_s*s_G + G_d*d_G)\\ B_d = min(k_B, B_s*s_B + B_d*d_B)\\ A_d = min(k_A, A_s*s_A + A_d*d_A)\\ \end{align}

Despite the apparent precision of the above equations, blending arithmetic is not exactly specified, because blending operates with imprecise integer color values. However, a blend factor that should be equal to 1 is guaranteed not to modify its multiplicand, and a blend factor equal to 0 reduces its multiplicand to 0. For example, when srcRGB is GL_SRC_ALPHA, dstRGB is GL_ONE_MINUS_SRC_ALPHA, and Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): A_s is equal to $ k_{A} $, the equations reduce to simple replacement:

Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): \begin{align} R_d = R_s\\ G_d = G_s\\ B_d = B_s\\ A_d = A_s\\ \end{align}

Notes

Incoming (source) alpha is correctly thought of as a material opacity, ranging from 1.0 (Failed to parse (SVG (MathML can be enabled via browser plugin): Invalid response ("Math extension cannot connect to Restbase.") from server "https://wikimedia.org/api/rest_v1/":): k_A ), representing complete opacity, to 0.0 (0), representing complete transparency.

When more than one color buffer is enabled for drawing, the GL performs blending separately for each enabled buffer, using the contents of that buffer for destination color. (See glDrawBuffer.)

When dual source blending is enabled (i.e., one of the blend factors requiring the second color input is used), the maximum number of enabled draw buffers is given by GL_MAX_DUAL_SOURCE_DRAW_BUFFERS, which may be lower than GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS.

Errors

GL_INVALID_ENUM is generated if either srcRGB or dstRGB is not an accepted value.

GL_INVALID_VALUE is generated by glBlendFuncSeparatei if buf is greater than or equal to the value of GL_MAX_DRAW_BUFFERS.

Associated Gets

glGet with argument GL_BLEND_SRC_RGB

glGet with argument GL_BLEND_SRC_ALPHA

glGet with argument GL_BLEND_DST_RGB

glGet with argument GL_BLEND_DST_ALPHA

glIsEnabled with argument GL_BLEND

See Also

glBlendColor, glBlendFunc, glBlendEquation, glClear, glDrawBuffer, glEnable, glLogicOp, glStencilFunc

Copyright

Copyright © 1991-2006 Silicon Graphics, Inc. This document is licensed under the SGI Free Software B License. For details, see http://oss.sgi.com/projects/FreeB/.